Radio reception apparatus, radio reception method and radio reception program capable of switching modulation methods

ABSTRACT

In a radio reception apparatus compatible with adaptive modulation, based on a received IQ signal processed by a reception processing unit, a determining unit calculates EVM that corresponds to a magnitude of shift-off between a true symbol point and the received symbol point. The calculated EVM is averaged and thereafter applied to a control unit. The control unit compares the applied EVM with a prescribed threshold value, and determines with high accuracy, switching among a plurality of modulation methods having different multi-value numbers.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to a radio reception apparatus, a radioreception method and a radio reception program. More specifically, thepresent invention relates to a radio reception apparatus, a radioreception method and a radio reception program that are capable ofswitching a plurality of modulation methods having different multi-valuenumbers in accordance with quality of communication.

2. Description of the Background Art

Conventionally, in a mobile communication system such as PHS (PersonalHandyphone System), communication between a mobile terminal (hereinafterreferred to as a terminal) and a radio base station (hereinafterreferred to as a base station) is established by using a prescribedmodulation method, for example, using well-known QPSK (Quadrature PhaseShift Keying) modulation method.

FIG. 10A shows an arrangement of symbol points in accordance with theQPSK modulation method on an IQ coordinate plane. Referring to FIG. 10A,according to the QPSK method, a symbol point of a received signalcorresponds to any of the four signal points positioned concentricallyon the IQ coordinate plane. Therefore, it is possible to transmit at onetime 2 bits of data representing any of the four signal points.Conventionally, communication between the terminal and the base stationis performed using a fixed modulation method, for example, the QPSKmodulation method described above.

Recent mobile communication systems, however, require data transmissionof larger volume at higher speed such as data communication, as comparedwith conventional voice communication. Accordingly, multi-valuemodulation methods having number of multi-value larger than the QPSKmethod mentioned above have been developed. As an example of suchmulti-value modulation method, 16QAM (Quadrature Amplitude Modulation)method has been known and practically utilized in some systems of datacommunications.

FIG. 10B shows an arrangement of symbol points in accordance with 16 QAMmodulation method on the IQ coordinate plane. Referring to FIG. 10B,according to 16QAM modulation method, a symbol point of a receivedsignal corresponds to any of a total of 16 signal points on thecoordinate plane, arranged four by four in a lattice form in eachquadrant of the IQ coordinate plane. Therefore, it is possible totransmit at a time 4 bits of data representing any of 16 signals.

When a modulation method having a larger multi-value number such as the16 QAM method is employed as a method of modulation in a mobilecommunication system such as the PHS and communication environment ofthe propagation path is defective (if the propagation path has severeinterference or noise), then symbol points may possibly be recognizederroneously, because the interval between each of the symbol points isnarrow and symbol points are arranged tightly in 16 QAM, as can be seenfrom the arrangement of symbol points of FIG. 10B. Therefore, thoughthis method has communication speed faster than the QPSK modulationmethod shown in FIG. 10A, it is more prone to make reception errors.

In view of the foregoing, a concept of adaptive modulation has beenproposed, in which communication is performed while adaptively switchingbetween a modulation method having a smaller multi-value number such asthe QPSK (which is slower in communication speed but less susceptible tothe influence of propagation path) and a modulation method having alarger multi-value number such as 16 QAM (which is faster incommunication speed but more susceptible to the influence of propagationpath) in consideration of the state of the propagation path, that is,the quality of communication (reception), in order to improve speed ofcommunication as much as possible.

Specifically, an approach has been proposed in which the quality ofcommunication (reception) of the propagation path is evaluated usingsome parameter, and the multi-value number is increased from QPSK to 16QAM, for example, to improve the speed of communication only when aprescribed quality is satisfied.

Conventionally, reception level, reception error (for example, FER:Frame Error Rate) and interference level (for example, CIR: Carrier toInterference Ratio, representing a ratio of the desired wave and theinterference) have been considered as parameters for evaluating thecommunication quality of the propagation path.

The aforementioned parameters to be the basis of switching amongmodulation methods proposed in the conventional method of adaptivemodulation, however, are not always appropriate for evaluating thecommunication quality of the propagation path.

Specifically, the magnitude of reception level increases when a radioapparatus of the counter part of communication comes closer. Therefore,it is not the case that a higher reception level means a goodcommunication environment (with small interference or noise) of thepropagation path. Further, as can be seen from the comparison of themodulation methods shown in FIGS. 10A and 10B, even when there is noreception error with a modulation method (QPSK) having smallermulti-value number (smaller number of symbol points on the IQ plane), itis unpredictable whether there arises reception error or not withanother modulation method (16QAM) having a larger multi-value number(having dense symbol points on the IQ plane). Meanwhile, it requiresspecial and complicated procedure and technically very difficult toactually measure the interference level (for example, CIR) of thepropagation path during communication.

Further, different radio reception apparatuses employ different methodsof reception (for example, a conventional reception method with oneantenna, an adaptive array reception method with plural antennas). Inaddition, performances and qualities of components such as filters usedin the reception apparatuses vary one by one, and such differences andvariations have influence on the quality of communication.

The conventional parameters mentioned above, however, do not reflectsuch quality or performances of the reception apparatuses. From thispoint also, it has been difficult to exactly evaluate the communicationquality by using the conventional parameters.

Therefore, in the conventional adaptive modulation technique, it hasbeen difficult to correctly switch among modulation methods havingdifferent multi-value numbers while exactly evaluating the communicationquality of the propagation path.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a radioreception apparatus, a radio reception method and a radio receptionprogram that are capable of surely switching among different methods ofmodulation, using a parameter capable of exactly evaluatingcommunication quality of a propagation path.

According to an aspect, the present invention provides a radio receptionapparatus compatible with a plurality of modulation methods havingdifferent multi-value numbers, including a measuring unit, a comparingunit and a modulation method switching unit. The measuring unit measuresan error vector that corresponds to a distance between an originalsymbol point of a received signal and an actually received symbol pointon the IQ coordinate plane. The comparing unit compares the measurederror vector with a prescribed threshold value. The modulation methodswitching unit switches the modulation method in accordance with theresult of comparison by the comparing unit.

Preferably, when a switching request is made during a communication in afirst modulation method having a small multi-value number for switchingto a second modulation method having a larger multi-value number and itis determined by the comparing unit that the measured error vector isnot larger than a prescribed first threshold value, the modulationmethod switching unit switches the modulation method from the firstmodulation method to the second modulation method, and when it isdetermined that the error vector is larger than the first thresholdvalue, maintains the first modulation method.

Preferably, the measuring unit detects other parameter for evaluatingcommunication quality of a propagation path in addition to the errorvector, and the modulation method switching unit maintains the firstmodulation method when it is determined that the measured error vectoris larger than the first threshold value, even when the detectedparameter represents a relatively satisfactory communication quality.

Preferably, when a request for interrupting communication through apropagation path because of degradation of communication quality is madeduring a communication in a second modulation method having a largemulti-value number and it is determined by the comparing unit that themeasured error vector is not larger than a prescribed second thresholdvalue, the modulation method switching unit switches the modulationmethod from the second modulation method to a first modulation methodhaving smaller multi-value number to maintain communication, and when itis determined that the error vector is larger than the second thresholdvalue, interrupts communication through the propagation path.

Preferably, the measuring unit detects other parameter for evaluatingcommunication quality of a propagation path in addition to the errorvector, and the modulation method switching unit interruptscommunication through the propagation path when it is determined thatthe measured error vector is larger than the second threshold value,even when the detected parameter represents a relatively satisfactorycommunication quality.

Preferably, the radio reception apparatus further includes a receptionprocessing unit performing a reception process of selecting orsynthesizing the received signal and the measuring unit measures theerror vector of the received signal that has been subjected to thereception process.

Preferably, the radio reception apparatus further includes anintra-frame averaging unit for averaging error vectors measured by themeasuring unit over a prescribed number of symbols in a frame.

Preferably, the radio reception apparatus further includes aninter-frame averaging unit for averaging error vectors measured by themeasuring unit over frames.

Preferably, the modulation method switching unit notifies switching ofthe modulation method to a radio apparatus of a partner ofcommunication.

According to another aspect, the present invention provides a radioreception method in a radio reception apparatus compatible with aplurality of modulation methods having different multi-value numbers,including the steps of: measuring an error vector corresponding to adistance between an original symbol point of a received signal and anactually received symbol point on an IQ coordinate plane; comparing themeasured error vector with a prescribed threshold value; and switchingthe modulation method in accordance with result of comparison by thecomparing step.

Preferably, in the step of switching the modulation method, when aswitching request is made during a communication in a first modulationmethod having a small multi-value number for switching to a secondmodulation method having a larger multi-value number and it isdetermined by the comparing step that the measured error vector is notlarger than a prescribed first threshold value, the modulation method isswitched from the first modulation method to the second modulationmethod, and when it is determined that the error vector is larger thanthe first threshold value, the first modulation method is maintained.

Preferably, in the measuring step, other parameter for evaluatingcommunication quality of a propagation path is detected in addition tothe error vector, and in the modulation method switching step, the firstmodulation method is maintained when it is determined that the measurederror vector is larger than the first threshold value, even when thedetected parameter represents a relatively satisfactory communicationquality.

Preferably, in the step of switching the modulation method, when arequest for interrupting communication through a propagation pathbecause of degradation of communication quality is made during acommunication in a second modulation method having a large multi-valuenumber and it is determined by the comparing step that the measurederror vector is not larger than a prescribed second threshold value, themodulation method is switched from the second modulation method to afirst modulation method having smaller multi-value number to maintaincommunication, and when it is determined that the error vector is largerthan the second threshold value, communication through the propagationpath is interrupted.

Preferably, in the measuring step, other parameter for evaluatingcommunication quality of a propagation path is detected in addition tothe error vector, and in the modulation method switching step,communication through the propagation path is interrupted when it isdetermined that the measured error vector is larger than the secondthreshold value, even when the detected parameter represents arelatively satisfactory communication quality.

Preferably, the radio reception method further includes the step ofperforming a process of selecting or synthesizing the received signal,and in the measuring step, the error vector of the received signal thathas been subjected to the process of selecting or synthesizing thereceived signal is measured.

Preferably, the radio reception method further includes the step ofaveraging error vectors measured in the step of measuring over aprescribed number of symbols in a frame.

Preferably, the radio reception method further includes the step ofaveraging error vectors measured in the step of measuring over frames.

Preferably, in the step of switching the modulation method, switching ofthe modulation method is notified to a radio apparatus of a partner ofcommunication.

According to a still further aspect, the present invention provides aradio reception program in a radio reception apparatus compatible with aplurality of modulation methods having different multi-value numbers, tohave a computer execute the steps of: measuring an error vectorcorresponding to a distance between an original symbol point of areceived signal and an actually received symbol point on an IQcoordinate plane; comparing the measured error vector with a prescribedthreshold value; and switching the modulation method in accordance withresult of comparison by the comparing step.

Preferably, in the step of switching the modulation method, when aswitching request is made during a communication in a first modulationmethod having a small multi-value number for switching to a secondmodulation method having a larger multi-value number and it isdetermined by the comparing step that the measured error vector is notlarger than a prescribed first threshold value, the modulation method isswitched from the first modulation method to the second modulationmethod, and when it is determined that the error vector is larger thanthe first threshold value, the first modulation method is maintained.

Preferably, in the measuring step, other parameter for evaluatingcommunication quality of a propagation path is detected in addition tothe error vector, and in the modulation method switching step, the firstmodulation method is maintained when it is determined that the measurederror vector is larger than the first threshold value, even when thedetected parameter represents a relatively satisfactory communicationquality.

Preferably, in the step of switching the modulation method, when arequest for interrupting communication through a propagation pathbecause of degradation of communication quality is made during acommunication in a second modulation method having a large multi-valuenumber and it is determined by the comparing step that the measurederror vector is not larger than a prescribed second threshold value, themodulation method is switched from the second modulation method to afirst modulation method having smaller multi-value number to maintaincommunication, and when it is determined that the error vector is largerthan the second threshold value, communication through the propagationpath is interrupted.

Preferably, in the measuring step, other parameter for evaluatingcommunication quality of a propagation path is detected in addition tothe error vector, and in the modulation method switching step,communication through the propagation path is interrupted when it isdetermined that the measured error vector is larger than the secondthreshold value, even when the detected parameter represents arelatively satisfactory communication quality.

Preferably, the radio reception program makes the computer furtherexecute the step of performing a process of selecting or synthesizingthe received signal, and in the measuring step, the error vector of thereceived signal that has been subjected to the process of selecting orsynthesizing the received signal is measured.

Further, the radio reception program makes the computer further executethe step of averaging error vectors measured in the step of measuringover a prescribed number of symbols in a frame.

Further, the radio reception program makes the computer further executethe step of averaging error vectors measured in the step of measuringover frames.

Preferably, in the step of switching the modulation method, switching ofthe modulation method is notified to a radio apparatus of a partner ofcommunication.

Therefore, according to the present invention, in a radio receptionapparatus compatible with the adaptive modulation method, as a parameterfor evaluating communication quality of a propagation path, an errorvector that reflects all the elements related to the communicationquality is used, and hence, different modulation methods can surely beswitched to one another in accordance with the communication quality ofthe propagation path.

The foregoing and other objects, features, aspects and advantages of thepresent invention will become more apparent from the following detaileddescription of the present invention when taken in conjunction with theaccompanying drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 represents QPSK symbol points on an IQ coordinate planeillustrating a principle of the present invention.

FIG. 2 shows simulation results representing relation between EVM andBER.

FIG. 3 shows data representing the relation between EVM and CIR obtainedfrom actual apparatuses.

FIG. 4 is a functional block diagram representing a configuration of theradio reception apparatus in accordance with an embodiment of thepresent invention.

FIG. 5 is a functional block diagram representing a configuration of areception processing unit 1 when an adaptive array processing isperformed.

FIG. 6 is a flow chart representing an operation of increasing themulti-value number of the modulation method.

FIG. 7 is a flow chart representing an operation of decreasing themulti-value number of the modulation method.

FIG. 8 shows negotiation procedure between a transmitting side and areceiving side when multi-value number of the modulation method is to beincreased.

FIG. 9 shows negotiation procedure between a transmitting side and areceiving side when multi-value number of the modulation method is to bedecreased.

FIGS. 10A and 10B represent arrangements of symbol points of QPSK and16QAM on an IQ coordinate plane.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

In the following, preferred embodiments of the present invention will bedescribed in detail with reference to the figures. In the figures, thesame or corresponding portions will be denoted by the same referencecharacters and description thereof will not be repeated.

FIG. 1 shows QPSK symbol points on an IQ coordinate plane, illustratingthe principle of the present invention. Black circles on the coordinaterepresent original symbol points, and the X mark represents an actuallyreceived symbol point. As shown in FIG. 1, generally, the position ofthe actually received symbol point is shifted off (deviated) from thepoint of true symbol (reference symbol) point (by the distancerepresented by the arrow in FIG. 1).

The magnitude of the shift-off (error) is considered to be a parameterthat most exactly represents the communication (reception) quality ofthe propagation path, reflecting not only the conventional parameterssuch as reception level, reception error (FER) and interference level(CIR) but also all the elements of the reception apparatus such as theperformance and quality of the apparatus.

The error between the true symbol point and the received symbol point(the distance represented by the arrow in FIG. 1) is referred to as anerror vector, and of which magnitude is referred to as an error vectormagnitude (EVM). In the following description, the magnitude of theerror vector will be simply referred to as EVM.

It is noted that EVM itself has been known as disclosed, for example, inStatistical Analysis of Noise Measure Accuracy by Wayne Music ofBroadcom Corp. (IEEE P802.15-01/090r2, Wireless Personal Area Networks,Mar. 8, 2001).

The present invention utilizes EVM as a parameter for evaluatingcommunication quality of the propagation path in adaptive modulation.Specifically, communication quality of the propagation path is evaluatedusing EVM that is a global parameter representing the result ofreception including all the elements related to propagation, reflectingnot only the state of radio waves on the propagation path such asrepresented by the reception level, reception error (FER) andinterference level (CIR) but also the performance of the receptionapparatus. Thus, highly reliable switching among modulation methodsbecomes possible.

More specifically, it is confirmed in advance that when EVM measured inQPSK having small multi-value number is not larger than a certain value,no error is generated even if the modulation method is switched to 16QAMhaving larger multi-value number, and using the certain value as athreshold value, whether switching should be made or not is determinedby comparing the actually measured EVM with the threshold value.

By way of example, when the measured EVM in QPSK is larger than thethreshold value mentioned above, it is considered that communicationquality is unsatisfactory, and hence modulation method is not switchedto 16QAM, and when it is not larger than the threshold value, the methodis switched to 16QAM. When the communication quality degradesthereafter, modulation method may be switched back to QPSK.

The method of calculating EVM between the true symbol point and thereception symbol point shown in FIG. 1 will be described. In FIG. 1,when we represent the coordinates of the true symbol point and thereceived symbol point on the IQ coordinate plane as (di, dq) and (yi,yq), respectively, EVM can be calculated in accordance with thefollowing equation, as it corresponds to a distance between the twopoints.EVM=(yi−di)²+(yq−dq)²

Details of EVM calculation are described in the document specifiedabove, and therefore, further description will not be given here.

In general, EVM is defined as a magnitude of an error vector in manycases as described in the above specified document. In a communicationapparatus actually implemented by circuits, however, it is difficult toperform the square root operation. Therefore, EVM is defined as thesquare of the magnitude of the error vector in the description of thepreferred embodiment of the present application.

Even if EVM is defined as the square of the error vector, the object ofthe present invention can be achieved since the relation in magnitudebetween EVM and a threshold value which will be described later can bekept constant by treating such threshold value as a square value.

As described above, EVM is a parameter of communication qualityreflecting even the difference in type of reception apparatuses, and ithas been proved through simulation that generation of a reception errorcan be uniquely represented by EVM, regardless of the difference in typeof reception apparatuses.

FIG. 2 is a graph representing a simulation result of the relationbetween EVM as such and error generation rate in the received signals.Specifically, the abscissa of FIG. 2 represents BER (Bit Error Rate),that is, rate of reception error generation in the received signals,while the ordinate represents EVM (averaged over 3000 frames).

Referring to FIG. 2, solid lines of the graph represent relation betweenBER and EVM in accordance with π/4QPSK as one type of QPSK modulationmethod, in normal reception using one antenna (plotted with blackrhombuses), adaptive array reception using an array antenna with twoantennas (plotted with black squares) and adaptive array reception usingan array antenna with four antennas (plotted with white triangles),respectively.

As is apparent from the solid lines of the graph, when π/4QPSKmodulation method is employed, the relation between EVM and BER isuniquely determined regardless of the difference in the number ofantennas or the difference of reception method, that is, whether it isadaptive array or normal reception.

Further, dotted lines in the graph of FIG. 2 represent relation betweenBER and EVM in accordance with 16QAM modulation method, in normalreception using one antenna (plotted with black rhombuses), adaptivearray reception using an array antenna with two antennas (plotted withblack squares) and adaptive array reception using an array antenna withfour antennas (plotted with white triangles), respectively.

As is apparent from the dotted lines of the graph, when 16QAM modulationmethod is employed, the relation between EVM and BER is again uniquelydetermined regardless of the difference in the number of antennas or thedifference of reception method, that is, whether it is adaptive array ornormal reception.

From the result that the relation between EVM and BER is again uniquelydetermined among different reception apparatuses, it is understood thatEVM can be commonly used as a parameter for evaluating communicationquality, regardless of the types of reception apparatuses, and that EVMis easy to use as a parameter for evaluating communication quality.

It is generally impossible to calculate BER simultaneously duringcommunication. BER and EVM, however, correspond uniquely with each otheras described above, and hence it is possible to estimate BER from EVMduring communication. Therefore, EVM can be used as a parameter in placeof BER.

Similarly, it has been proved from data obtained by actual apparatusesthat there is a one-to-one relation between EVM and CIR, which is aparameter related to the interference level of the propagation path.

The graph of FIG. 3 represents the data obtained by actual apparatuses,representing such a relation between EVM and CIR. Specifically, theabscissa of FIG. 3 represents CIR that is a ratio between a desiredsignal (carrier level) and interference level, and the ordinaterepresents EVM (averaged over 2000 frames under 16QAM modulationmethod).

In FIG. 3, the solid line in the graph represents the relation betweenCIR and EVM when 16QAM modulation method is employed.

As is apparent from the solid line of the graph, the relation betweenEVM and CIR is determined uniquely. As mentioned earlier, it has beenvery difficult to calculate the interference level (CIR) duringcommunication.

In contrast, CIR and EVM correspond one-to-one with each other as shownin FIG. 3, and hence, it is possible to use EVM that can be calculatedmore easily as a parameter in place of CIR.

As described above, EVM has high correlation with all parameters thatrepresent communication quality such as BER and CIR, has higher accuracythan conventional parameters as a reference for evaluating communicationquality of the propagation path in adaptive modulation, and in addition,it can be calculated through a relatively easy process.

FIG. 4 is a functional block diagram representing a configuration of aradio reception apparatus capable of adaptive modulation in accordancewith an embodiment of the present invention. In the present embodiment,it is assumed that the radio reception apparatus is compatible betweenQPSK as a modulation method of smaller multi-value number and 16QAM as amodulation method of larger multi-value number.

The present invention is also applicable to a terminal as well as to abase station that constitute mobile communication system such as PHS.Further, the present invention is applicable no matter whether there isone antenna or two or more antennas. As to the method of receptionprocessing, the present invention is applicable to any method of signalprocessing, including selective diversity method, maximum ratiosynthesizing process and adaptive array processing.

In the example shown in FIG. 4, a radio reception apparatus will bedescribed, which receives signals from the transmitting side using aplurality of (two) antennas.

Referring to FIG. 4, signals received by antennas A1 and A2 are appliedto synchronization processing units S1 and S2, respectively, andsubjected to synchronizing process in accordance with the modulationmethod (QPSK or 16QAM) designated by a control unit 3.

The received signals of two streams that have been subjected toprescribed synchronizing process by synchronization processing units S1and S2 are applied to a reception processing unit 1. Receptionprocessing unit 1 may perform reception process in accordance witharbitrary method such as selective diversity process, maximum ratiosynthesizing process or adaptive array process. In this example,reception process is performed in accordance with the adaptive arrayprocess, as will be described later.

FIG. 5 is a functional block diagram representing a configuration ofreception processing unit 1 that performs the adaptive array receptionprocessing. In reception processing unit 1 shown in FIG. 5, the input,received signals of two streams are synthesized by adaptive arrayprocessing, and the result of synthesization is subjected to a decodingprocess by a determining unit 2 (FIG. 4) of a succeeding stage.

Here, adaptive array processing refers to a known process in which basedon a signal received from a transmitting side radio apparatus, a weightvector consisting of reception factors (weights) of a plurality of (twoin the present embodiment) antennas of the reception apparatus isestimated and adaptive control is realized, so as to correctly extract(synthesize) the signal received from a specific radio apparatus of thetransmitting side.

In reception processing unit 1 shown in FIG. 5, a reception weightvector calculating unit·frequency offset estimating unit 11 is providedfor estimating such weight vector for every symbol of the receivedsignals. Reception weight vector calculating unit·frequency offsetestimating unit 11 performs a process in which the weight vector isconverged to reduce square of error between the received signal decodedby determining unit 2 of a succeeding stage and a known reference signalin a memory 12, in accordance with a method that corresponds to themodulation method (QPSK or 16QAM) designated by control unit 3 (FIG. 4),that is, the estimating unit performs an adaptive array process in whichreception directivity from a specific radio apparatus on thetransmitting side is converged.

In the adaptive array process, such convergence of the weight vector isperformed in an adaptive manner in accordance with time or fluctuationof propagation path characteristics of signal radio waves, to removeinterfering component or noise from the received signal and to extractsignals received from a specific radio apparatus on the transmittingside.

In the weight vector calculating unit as such, sequential estimationalgorithm such as RLS (Recursive Least Squares) algorithm, or LMS (LeastMean Square) algorithm is used as the weight estimation algorithm.

Such RLS algorithm and LMS algorithm are well-known in the field ofadaptive array processing, and described in detail, for example, inAdaptive Signal Processing by Array Antenna (array antenna ni yoru tekioshingo shori), by Nobuyoshi Kikuma (Kagaku Gijutsu Shuppan, Nov. 25,1998), “Chapter 3: MMSE Adaptive Array” on pp. 35-49. Therefore,detailed description of the adaptive array will not be given here.

The reception weight vector calculated in this manner by the receptionweight vector calculating unit frequency offset estimating unit 11 issubjected to complex multiplication with received signals x1(t) andx2(t) from antennas A1 and A2, the results are added by an adder AD, andthe result is output as an IQ signal from reception processing unit 1and supplied to a determining unit 2 (FIG. 4) in the succeeding stage.

The calculated reception weight vector is transferred to a transmittingside processing unit (not shown) of this radio apparatus, to be used asa transmission weight vector.

Returning to FIG. 4, determining unit 2 decodes the IQ signal outputfrom reception processing unit 1 by a modulation method (QPSK or 16QAM)designated by control unit 3, supplies the same to the line side and toreception processing unit 1 for adaptive array processing.

Determining unit 2 calculates EVM between a received symbol point of theIQ signal supplied from reception processing unit 1 and the true symbolpoint and, supplies the calculated value to control unit 3, possiblythrough an averaging unit 4 if appropriate.

Control unit 3 compares the calculated EVM with a threshold value thathave been calculated and held in advance, and according to the result,generates a control signal designating a modulation method to be appliedto the line side, determining unit 2, reception processing unit 1,synchronization processing units S1 and S2 and to the radio apparatus onthe transmitting side. The operation of designating the modulationmethod by control unit 3 will be described later.

In the example shown in FIG. 5, at reception processing unit 1,interfering signal components are removed by the adaptive arrayprocessing, and thereafter, desired signals are decoded. Therefore, EVMcan be calculated in consideration of the interference removingcapability by the adaptive array.

Prior to the description of the operation by control unit 3, averagingprocess by the averaging unit 4 will be described. There are twopossible types of averaging as the averaging process of EVM, that is,averaging within a frame and averaging over frames of the receivedsignals.

As is apparent from the description above, EVM is calculated symbol bysymbol of the received signals. Therefore, it is possible to average theEVM over a prescribed period (prescribed number of symbols) within aframe. Particularly, when adaptive array processing such as describedwith reference to FIG. 5 is to be performed, it may be possible to startaveraging after the weight of array reception is sufficiently converged.By such averaging, it becomes possible to improve reliability of EVM asa parameter, as the influence of external disturbance such as noise canbe reduced.

Further, it is possible to perform inter-frame averaging, using themethod of moving averages as will be described below. Specifically, theaverage EVM value of the (n+1)th frame is given by the followingequation, where n represents a frame number, Ave_EVM(n) represents anaverage EVM of the nth frame, EVM (n) represents instantaneous value ofEVM of the nth frame, and λ(0≦λ≦1) represents forgetting factor.Ave_EVM(n+1)=λ*Ave_EVM(n)+(1−λ)*EVM(n)

Here, the forgetting factor λ is a weight for the average valueAvE_EVM(n), and (1−λ) is a weight for the instantaneous value EVM (n).The larger the value λ, the longer the time necessary for averaging, andthe smaller the influence of external disturbance. Such moving averageis effective where memory capacity for averaging process isinsufficient.

The adaptive modulation operation of the radio reception apparatus shownin FIG. 4 will be described. It is noted that the configuration shown inthe functional block diagram of FIG. 4 is actually implemented bysoftware, by a digital signal processor (DSP), not shown.

In adaptive modulation, a request for increasing or decreasing themulti-value number (communication rate) of modulation method from themodulation method that has been used at that time point is output by auser or the control unit. FIG. 6 is a flow chart representing anoperation of increasing the multi-value number of the modulation method,and FIG. 7 is a flow chart representing an operation of decreasing themulti-value number of the modulation method.

First, referring to FIG. 6, the operation of increasing the multi-valuenumber of the modulation method will be described. In the conventionaladaptive modulation method, determination as to whether the multi-valuenumber is to be increased has been made using parameters such asreception error (FER) and reception level, as described above. Theseparameters, however, are not very reliable, and the multi-value numbercannot always be increased even when both parameters satisfy requiredconditions.

Though CIR reflecting the interference level has been known as an exactparameter, calculation thereof requires a complicated process. In thepresent embodiment, it is possible to make more accurate determinationof switching, by using not CIR but EVM as a parameter.

In step S1, when a request (UP request) for increasing the communicationrate (modulation multi-value number) is issued from control unit 3during communication in a modulation method having small multi-valuenumber (QPSK), it is determined in step S2 whether FER is not higherthan a prescribed threshold value or not. If it is higher than thethreshold value, it is determined that the communication quality of thepropagation path is unsatisfactory, and the flow proceeds to step S6, tomaintain the present method of modulation (QPSK), not increasing themodulation multi-value number.

In step S2, when it is determined that FER is not higher than thethreshold value, the flow proceeds to step S3, and it is determinedwhether the reception level is not lower than a threshold value or not.If it is lower than the threshold value, it is determined that thecommunication quality of the propagation path is unsatisfactory, and theflow proceeds to step S6, to maintain the present method of modulation(QPSK), not increasing the modulation multi-value number.

When it is determined in step S3 that the reception level is not lowerthan the threshold value, the flow proceeds to step S4, and whether EVMis not higher than a threshold value or not is determined. If it ishigher than the threshold value, the flow proceeds to step S6 even whenit has been determined through steps S2 and S3 that the communicationquality in view of FER and reception level is relatively satisfactory,and the present modulation method (QPSK) is maintained withoutincreasing the modulation multi-value number.

If it is determined in step S4 that EVM is not higher than the thresholdvalue, the flow proceeds to step S5, and the modulation method isswitched from QPSK to 16QAM to have larger multi-value number.

It is noted that the determination of FER in step S2 and thedetermination of reception level in step S3 are of supplementary nature,and only the EVM determination may be made while omitting steps S2 andS3.

Next, referring to FIG. 7, the operation of decreasing the multi-valuenumber of the modulation method will be described. Assume that in stepS11, during communication in a modulation method having largemulti-value number (16QAM), a reception error is detected by controlunit 3, leading to a determination that the communication quality hasbeen degraded.

Conventionally, in a mobile communication system such as PHS, upondetermination that communication quality has been degraded, acommunication channel between the radio apparatus on the transmittingside (in this example, terminal of the mobile communication system) andthe reception apparatus of interest (in this example, base station) isswitched, or a hand-over process is executed to connect the terminal toa different base station. It is noted that the radio apparatus capableof adaptive modulation realizes another option to decrease themulti-value number to cope with the situation.

First, in step S12, whether the reception level is not lower than athreshold value or not is determined. If it is lower than the thresholdvalue, it is presumed that the terminal has moved far away from thereception apparatus of interest, and the flow proceeds to step S13 toexecute the hand-over process, as it is determined that communicationcan be maintained only by connecting to a different base station.

If it is determined in step S12 that the reception level is not lowerthan the threshold value, it is determined in step S14 whether EVM isnot higher than a threshold value or not.

If it is determined in step S14 that EVM is higher than the thresholdvalue, it is determined that though the terminal is close to the basestation, state of the propagation path is unsatisfactory and thatcommunication would not be maintained by the channel being used. Thus,the flow proceeds to step S15 and communication channel is switched to adifferent one (of a different time slot, different frequency or thelike).

If it is determined in step S14 that EVM is not higher than thethreshold value, it is determined that the state of the propagation pathis fairly well, and the flow proceeds to step S16 to maintaincommunication with the multi-value number of the modulation methoddecreased.

It is noted that determination of reception level in step S12 is ofsupplementary nature, and only the determination of EVM in step S14 maybe made while omitting step S12.

Negotiation procedure between the transmitting side and the receivingside at the time of adaptive modulation will be described in thefollowing. The procedure is basically common to the normal adaptivemodulation. In the example below, however, EVM is notified as aparameter for switching multi-value number, as a characteristicparticular to the present invention.

FIG. 8 illustrates the procedure of negotiation between the transmittingside and the receiving side when the multi-value number of modulationmethod is to be increased.

Referring to FIG. 8, first, assume that communication has been made inQPSK. If there is a request to increase the communication rate from thecontrol unit or the user on the receiving side, EVM is measured by thereceiving side in the manner as described above (in accordance with theflow of FIG. 6), and if it is determined that switching to 16QAM ispossible, EVM is notified to the transmitting side.

If it is determined on the transmitting side also that the conditionsfor switching the modulation method are satisfied, a modulation methodchanging notice is issued from the transmitting side, and both thetransmitting side and the receiving side switch to 16 QAM communication.

FIG. 9 illustrates negotiation procedure between the transmitting sideand the receiving side when the multi-value number of modulation methodis to be decreased.

Referring to FIG. 9, first, it is assumed that communication has beenmade in 16QAM. Here, if degradation of reception quality is detected bythe control unit on the receiving side, EVM is measured by the receivingside in the manner as described above (in accordance with the flow ofFIG. 7), and if it is determined that switching to QPSK is possible, EVMis notified to the transmitting side.

If it is determined on the transmitting side also that the conditionsfor switching the modulation method are satisfied, a modulation methodchanging notice is issued from the transmitting side, and both thetransmitting side and the receiving side switch to QPSK communication.

As described above, in the embodiment of the present invention, asreference for switching multi-value number at the time of adaptivemodulation, EVM that reflects all the elements related to communicationquality and that can be measured relatively easily is used, enablingmore appropriate switching of modulation method.

Though QPSK and 16QAM have been described as examples of modulationmethods having small multi-value number and large multi-value number,respectively, the present invention is not limited to these modulationmethods, and the present invention is applicable to a plurality ofmodulation methods having different multi-value numbers.

As described above, according to the present invention, in a radioreception apparatus compatible to adaptive modulation method, EVM thatreflects all the elements related to communication quality is used as aparameter for evaluating communication quality of the propagation path,and hence, highly accurate switching among different modulation methodsin accordance with the communication quality of the propagation pathbecomes possible.

Although the present invention has been described and illustrated indetail, it is clearly understood that the same is by way of illustrationand example only and is not to be taken by way of limitation, the spiritand scope of the present invention being limited only by the terms ofthe appended claims.

1-27. (canceled)
 28. A radio reception apparatus compatible with aplurality of modulation methods having different multi-value numbers,comprising: a determining unit calculating an error vector correspondingto a distance between an original symbol point of a received signal andan actually received symbol point on an IQ coordinate plane; and acontrol unit selecting a modulation method based on said calculatederror vector.
 29. The radio reception apparatus according to claim 28,wherein when a switching request is made during a communication in afirst modulation method having a small multi-value number for switchingto a second modulation method having a larger multi-value number, saidcontrol unit compares said calculated error vector with a prescribedthreshold value, when it is determined that said calculated error vectoris not larger than said prescribed threshold value, said control unitswitches the modulation method from said first modulation method to saidsecond modulation method, and when it is determined that said calculatederror vector is larger than said prescribed threshold value, saidcontrol unit maintains said first modulation method.
 30. The radioreception apparatus according to claim 29, wherein when it is determinedthat said calculated error vector is larger than said prescribedthreshold value, said control unit maintains said first modulationmethod even when other parameter for evaluating communication quality ofa propagation path represents a relatively satisfactory communicationquality.
 31. The radio reception apparatus according to claim 28,further comprising a reception processing unit performing a receptionprocess of selecting or synthesizing said received signal, wherein saiddetermining unit calculates said error vector of the received signalthat has been subjected to said reception process.
 32. The radioreception apparatus according to claim 28, further comprising anaveraging unit for averaging error vectors for symbol points calculatedby said determining unit over a prescribed number of symbols in a frame.33. The radio reception apparatus according to claim 28, furthercomprising an averaging unit for averaging error vectors for symbolpoints calculated by said control unit over frames.
 34. The radioreception apparatus according to claim 28, wherein said control unitnotifies a radio apparatus of a partner of communication about result ofthe selection of the modulation method.
 35. A radio reception method ina radio reception apparatus compatible with a plurality of modulationmethods having different multi-value numbers, comprising the steps of:measuring an error vector corresponding to a distance between anoriginal symbol point of a received signal and an actually receivedsymbol point on an IQ coordinate plane; and selecting a modulationmethod based on said measured error vector.
 36. The radio receptionmethod according to claim 35, wherein in said step of selecting amodulation method, when a switching request is made during acommunication in a first modulation method having a small multi-valuenumber for switching to a second modulation method having a largermulti-value number, said measured error vector is compared with aprescribed threshold, when it is determined that said measured errorvector is not larger than said prescribed threshold value, themodulation method is switched from said first modulation method to saidsecond modulation method, and when it is determined that said measurederror vector is larger than said prescribed threshold value, said firstmodulation method is maintained.
 37. The radio reception methodaccording to claim 36, wherein in said measuring step, other parameterfor evaluating communication quality of a propagation path is detectedin addition to said error vector, and in said step of selecting amodulation method, when it is determined that said measured error vectoris larger than said prescribed threshold value, said first modulationmethod is maintained even when said detected parameter represents arelatively satisfactory communication quality.
 38. The radio receptionmethod according to claim 35, further comprising the step of performinga process of selecting or synthesizing said received signal, wherein insaid measuring step, said error vector of the received signal that hasbeen subjected to said process of selecting or synthesizing saidreceived signal is measured.
 39. The radio reception method according toclaim 35, further comprising the step of averaging error vectors forsymbol points measured in said measuring step over a prescribed numberof symbols in a frame.
 40. The radio reception method according to claim35, further comprising the step of averaging error vectors for symbolpoints measured in said measuring step over frames.
 41. The radioreception method according to claim 35, wherein in said step ofselecting a modulation method, a radio apparatus of a partner ofcommunication is notified about result of the selection of themodulation method.